[ History of soil surveys in Sabah ] [ On acid igneous rocks ] [ On alluvium ] [ On basic igneous rocks ] [ On intermediate igneous rocks ] [ On limestone ] [ On mudstone/sandstone ] [ On ultrabasic igneous rocks ]
On mudstone/sandstone
Note:
All information on soils were from the Land Resource Study 20 series of books
(Volumes 1 to 5), published by the Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas
Development , UK.
There
are 17 soil associations on mudstone/sandstone.
-
Mudstone and
minor sandstone
Four
associations have been mapped on hills composed largely of mudstone with
minor interbedded sandstone. There is a considerable overlap of soil units.
The Lungmanis Association consists of very
low hills and valley floors, the valleys having soils similar to those
described in the Kinabatangan Association (read
more). The Silabukan Association
occurs in low hills with gentle slopes. The Kalabakan
and Mawing Associations occur on moderate hills,
the latter having slopes greater than 25°.
-
Sandstone
and mudstone
Seven association
have been mapped on hills mountains composed largely of sandstone with
interbedded mudstone. There is considerable overlap of soil units. The Dalit
and Tengah Nipah Associations are both formed
on moderate and low hills with slopes less than 20°. The Dalit Association is
extensive and consists largely of Orthic Acrisols, but in contrast the
inextensive Tengah Nipah Association consists largely of Ferric Acrisols.
The
Lokan and Crocker
Associations occur on very high hills and mountains respectively but both
have similar ranges of soils with Acrisols and Cambisols dominant. The latter is
the most extensive soil association in Sabah. The Maliau
Association also contains many soils common to the Lokan and Crocker
Associations, but it is formed on distinctive cuesta-form mountains with well
defined dip slopes on which Podzols sometimes occur. Extensive areas of Podzols
are separated as the Serudong Association. The Trus Madi occurs generally above 1,200 m and consists largely of Acrisols,
Podzols and Gleysols. It normally occurs above the Crocker Association.
-
Mudstone,
sandstone and miscellaneous rocks
Six
complex associations have been mapped on slump formations consisting of
mudstone, sandstone and miscellaneous rocks. There is a wide range of
soil units in each association and there is a considerable overlap
between associations. The Rumidi Association
occurs on low hills with mudstone the dominant parent material. In
contrast, sandstones are more common in the Kretam
Association which occurs on moderate hills. The Sipit
Association is similar to the Rumidi Association and should probably
be combined with it, but the Dagat Association
is distinctive, because its soils are formed mainly on tuffaceous rocks.
The Bang and Gumpal
Association occur on hills and mountains and again, because of the
wide and similarities of the soils contained, should probably be
combined.
